TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables ix
List of Appendices xi
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
ABSTRACT vi
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3 Objective of the Study 4
1.4 Research Questions 5
1.5 Hypotheses 5
1.6 Scope of the Study 5
1.7 Significance of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO 7
REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7
2.0 Introduction 7
2.1 Overview of Terrorism 7
2.1.1 Causes of Terrorism 10
2.1.3 Barriers to Effective Counterterrorism Policy Implementation in Nigeria 12
2.2 Nigerian Foreign Policy Objectives 13
2.3 Terrorism and Global Security 15
2.4 Global Counter Terrorism Strategies 16
2.5.1 Compliance Theories 33
2.5.2 Game-theoretic Models 34
CHAPTER THREE 37
METHODOLOGY 37
3.0 Introduction 37
3.1 Research Design 37
3.2 Population 37
3.3 Sampling size and sampling Technique 37
3.4 Research Instrument 38
3.6 Method of Data Collection 39
3.7 Method of Data Analysis 39
3.8 Ethical Considerations 40
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 41
4.0 Introduction 41
4.1 Data Presentation 41
4.3 Testing of Hypotheses 49
CHAPTER FIVE 54
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 54
5.1 Summary 54
5.3 Recommendations 55
REFERENCES 57
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
3.1 Test of Reliability of the Research Instrument 41
4.1 Respondents Socio demographic Characteristics 45
4.2 Nigeria’s Foreign Policy Objectives 45
4.3 Nigeria’s Counter terrorism Policy 48
4.4 Barriers to Implementing Counterterrorism Policy in Nigeria 51
4.5 Prospect for Achieving Credible Counterterrorism strategies
through Nigeria’s dynamic foreign policy 52
4.6 Relationship between foreign policy objective and effective
counter terrorism policy implementation in Nigeria 53
4.7 Barriers militating against effective counter terrorism policy
implementation in Nigeria 54
5.1 Summary 58
5.2 Conclusion 58
5.3 Recommendation 59
5.4 Contribution to Knowledge 60
5.5 References 61
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
1 Questionnaire 71
2 Informed Consent Form
3 BUHREC Ethical Clearance
4 Turnitin Report
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Over the centuries, mankind has searched for the best way of ensuring the security of lives, properties, territories, states and institutions. In all places and countries, security has been considered as a “first order value” that is worth preserving. The concept of security is generally multi-dimensional and it has, in the last century, been the subject of frequent debate among scholars across the world (Olomojobi, 2015). Security can be described as a situation where a person is not exposed to any form of danger or risk of physical or moral aggression, accident, theft or deterioration. Hitherto, the concept of security has always been associated with the safety and survival of the state and its citizens from harm, destruction or dangerous threats (Yaqub, 2004).
Today, the need for national security has become a global concern particularly in the face of terrorism. Braithwaite (1988:9) defines national security as the ability of a nation to protect its internal values from external threat. National security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the state through the use of economic power, diplomacy, power projection and political power. Efforts have been directed towards safeguarding national security although not much success has been recorded by community of nations. An example is Nigeria. Measures taken to implement the national security policy include the use of diplomacy to isolate threats; marshalling economic power to facilitate or compel cooperation; maintaining effective armed forces; implementing civil defense and emergency preparedness measures (including anti-terrorism legislation); ensuring the resilience and redundancy of critical infrastructure; using intelligence services to detect and defeat or avoid threats and espionage, and to protect classified information; using counterintelligence services or secret police to protect the nation from internal threats (Yaqub, 2004).
Nigeria like many other countries around the world has its foreign policy objectives which focus on peace, development and democracy. The extant literature shows that Nigeria’s foreign policy has inclined towards general discussion rather than specific, covering virtually every conceivable topic. Despite the good motive behind Nigeria’s foreign policy objectives, the policy has been unsystematic, basically idiosyncratic and lacking in theoretical and empirical rigor. Also, foreign policy studies in Nigeria have generally been narrative-inclined; they are not analytical and offer little if any basis for a choice of scientific framework to guide conceptualization, implementation, or study and understanding of Nigeria’s foreign policy.
Nonetheless, the existing structure, processes and machinery of foreign policy formulation and implementation which have served Nigeria relatively well up to the early 1980’s, now leave much to be desired. Henceforward, the urgent need to strengthen and re-evaluate policy in line with requirements of a fast-changing and rapidly globalizing world cannot be overemphasized. Also, the present-day foreign policy decisions and actions need to focus on addressing the challenges of national survival, human security, progress and development.