TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL PAGE ii
CERTIFICATION iii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
APPENDIX ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 5
Purpose of the Study 6
Significance of Study 6
Research Questions 8
Hypotheses 8
Scope of the Study 9
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 10
Conceptual Framework 10
· Technical Colleges in Nigeria 10
- Formwork and concrete form types 11
· Domestic roof Construction 39
Theoretical Framework 43
- Skill Development Theory 43
- Theory on Maintenance 44
- Need Assessment Theory 45
Related Empirical Studies 45
Summary of the Reviewed Literature 52
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 54
Design of the Study 54
Area of the Study 55
Population for the Study 54
Sample and Sampling Techniques 55
Instrument for Data Collection 55
Validation of the Instrument 55
Reliability of the Instrument 56
Method of Data Collection 56
Method for Data Analysis 56
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 57
Research Question One 57
Research Question Two 58
Research Question Three 59
Research Question Four 60
Hypothesis One 62
Hypothesis Two 64
Hypothesis Three 65
Hypothesis Four 67
Findings of the Study 69
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Re-Statement of the Problem of the Study 75
Summary of Procedure 75
Principal Findings 76
Conclusion 77
Implication of the Study 77
Limitation of the Study 78
Recommendations 79
Suggestion for Further Research 79
REFERENCES 81
APPENDICES
A: Population Distribution of the Respondents 85
B: Questionnaire 86
ABSTRACT
The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study was aimed at determining the skill improvement needs of carpentry and joinery graduates in technical colleges in Kaduna state of Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to find skill improvement need of carpentry and joinery graduates in framed construction, Formwork, stairs and roofing? Four research questions were developed to guide the study. Four hypotheses were formulated to test the research questions at 0.05 levels of significance. A population of 62 respondents was used which consisted of 47 carpentry and joinery teachers and 15 instructors in the six technical colleges in Kaduna State. There was no sample for the entire population was used. The instrument for the collection of data for the study was a structured questionnaire called “skill improvement needs of carpentry and joinery graduates in technical colleges (SINCJGTC) with 82 items. The questionnaire was face validated by three experts, two of them from the Department of Industrial Technical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka and one from the Department of Education Technical, Kaduna Polytechnic. The data collected was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha (α) method to establish the internal consistency of the questionnaire. The data were collected by the researcher with the aid of three research assistants. The data gathered from the respondents were analyzed using mean to answer the research questions while the four null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 levels of significance with the use of Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS) version 20. The findings of the study choose the right saw for the job. Make one complete cabinet at a time Mark the stock Select the stock with cutting list. Check the machine set-ups. Visualize the finished project and stand paper therefore recommended that
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Technical colleges are the institutions where students are trained to acquire relevant knowledge and skills in different occupations for employment in the world of work (NBTE, 2007). According to Federal Ministry of Education (FME) (2004), Technical college is a segment of Technical and Vocational Education (TVE) designed to produce craftsmen at the secondary school level and master craftsmen at the advanced craft. The goals of technical colleges are to provide trained manpower in the applied science technology and business particularly at advanced craft and technician levels. That is to provide the technical knowledge, necessary and vocational skills give training, impart the skills necessary for agriculture, commercial and economic development, and import the necessary skills to individual who shall be self – reliant economically (Nwogo and Nwanoruo, 2011). Technical colleges are regarded as the principal vocational institutions in Nigeria (Okoro, 2006). The functions of Technical colleges are to practicalize training using newer methodologies of applying science, material, tools, devices equipment, machining and other resources to enable Carpentry and joinery expertto solve practical problems. This includes manipulation of materials or objects in form of work task such as; complex processes of dismantling and re assembling a Carpentry and joinery work.
Carpentry and joinery is one of the trades in technical colleges in Nigeria in which students acquire skills and basic knowledge needed for employment after graduation. Skills in carpentry and joinery are acquired in trade centers. Carpentry is a skilled trade in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete form work.According to Mohammed 2011 Carpenters traditionally work with natural wood and did the rougher work such as framing, but today many other materials are also used and sometimes the finer trades of cabinetmaking and furniture building are considered carpentry. Carpenters normally frame post-and-beam buildings, Carpenters learn this trade through formal training or being employed through an apprenticeship training—normally 4 years—and qualify by successfully the training completing It is also common that the skill can be learnt by gaining work experience other than a formal formwork training program,
Formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-resistant particleboard. It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood facing has a relatively short lifespan. It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for procuring reusable formwork. It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use, complicated sections may use it. The two major advantages of formwork systems, compared to traditional timber formwork, are speed of construction (modular systems pin, clip, or screw together quickly) and lower life-cycle costs (barring major force, the frame is almost indestructible, while the covering if made of wood; may have to be replaced after a few – or a few dozen – uses, but if the covering is made with steel or aluminium the form can achieve up to two thousand uses depending on care and the applications).Permanent Insulated Formwork: This formwork is assembled on site, usually out of insulating concrete forms (ICF). The formwork stays in place after the concrete has cured, and may provide advantages in terms of speed, strength, superior thermal and acoustic insulation, space to run utilities within layers of the frame.
Frame Constructionconsist of stiles joined by two or more rails. Typical application of this are minor frames, paneling, table tops (when framed), screens, backs, doors and window frames. The point about this method of cabinet construction is that it overcomes the bad effects of shrinkage in timber and at the same time method of cabinet construction in groove or rebate, is entirely free to shrink or swell without affecting the framework. Strength is ensured by the framework, the grain of which runs in its length along both width and height, so giving rigidity in both directions. The following joints may be used depending on the purpose of the frame-mortise and tenon, mitre butt, dowel like in stairs.
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