TECHNICAL WORK SKILLS REQUIRED BY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (TECHNICAL) GRADUATES FOR SELF EMPLOYMENT IN PLASTIC PRODUCTION INDUSTRIES IN RIVERS STATE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE                                                                                                 i

APPROVAL PAGE                                                                                       ii

CERTIFICATION                                                                                          iii

DEDICATION                                                                                              iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT                                                                               v

TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                                                vi

LIST OF TABLES                                                                                         ix

LIST OF FIGURES                                                                                                xi

ABSTRACT                                                                                                 xii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                              1

Background of the Study                                                                   1

Statement of the Problem                                                                   8

Purpose of the Study                                                                          11

Significance of the Study                                                                   11

Research Questions                                                                            13

Hypotheses                                                                                       13

Delimitation of the Study                                                                   14

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE                            16

Conceptual Framework                                                                             16

Concept of Technical Work skills                                                       19

Plastic Production                                                                              23

College of Education (Technical)                                                        24

Technical Work-Skills Required in Plastic Production                       25

Compounding                                                                                    25

Moulding                                                                                           32

Reinforcing                                                                                        52

Joining                                                                                              61

Machining                                                                                         71

Decorating                                                                                         80

Theoretical Framework                                                                              91

Theory of Need                                                                                   91

Theory of Production                                                                          93

          Review of Related Empirical Studies                                             96

          Summary of Literature Review                                                     101

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY                                                      102

Design of the Study                                                                         102     Area of the Study                                                                                     102

Population for the Study                                                                           103

Sample and Sampling Technique                                                    103

Instrument for Data Collection                                                                  103

Validation of the Instrument                                                            104

Reliability of the instrument                                                            104

Method of Data Collection                                                               105

Method of Data Analysis                                                                            105

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA              107

Research Question One                                                                    107

Research Question Two                                                                    109

Research Question Three                                                                 111

Research Question Four                                                                   113

Research Question Five                                                                    115

Research Question Six                                                                    118

Testing of Hypothesis                                                                      121

Findings of the Study                                                                     135

Discussion of Findings                                                                    145

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION   154

Restatement of the Problem                                                            154

Summary of the Procedure Used for the Study                                156

Major Findings of the Study                                                           157

Implications of the Study                                                                158

Conclusion                                                                                      159

Recommendation                                                                            160

Suggestions for Further Studies                                                     160

REFERENCES                                                                                         162

APPENDICES                                                                                          175

Appendix A: Letter of Request for Validation                                  175

Appendix B: Letter of Request for Completion                                176

Appendix C: Result of Reliability Test                                            184

Appendix D: Result of Data Analysis                                              186

Table                                     LIST OF TABLES                               Page

   1    Mean Ratings of the Responses of the Respondents

on Technical Work-Skills Required by College of Education

Graduates in Compounding of Raw Plastic Materials                     107

   2     Mean Ratings of the Responses of the Respondents on

Technical Work-Skills Required by College of Education

Graduates in Moulding Plastic Materials                                         109

   3    Mean Ratings of the Responses of the Respondents

on Technical Work-Skills Required by College of

Education Graduates in Reinforcing Plastic Materials                     111

   4    Mean Ratings of the Responses of the Respondents

on Technical Work-Skills Required by College of

Education Graduates in Joining Plastic Products                            113

   5    Mean Ratings of the Responses of the Respondents

on Technical Work-Skills Required by College of

Education Graduates in Machining Plastic Products                       115

   6    Mean Ratings of the Responses of the Respondents

on Technical Work-Skills Required by College of

Education Graduates in Decorating Plastic Products                       118

   7    t-test Statistics of the Responses of Plastic Production

Technicians and Lecturers on Technical Work-skills

Required by College of Education Graduates in

Compounding Plastic Materials                                                       121

   8    t-test Statistics of the Responses of Plastic Production

Technicians and Lecturers on Technical Work-skills

Required by College of Education Graduates in Moulding

Plastic Materials                                                                              123

   9    t-test Statistics of the Responses of Plastic Production

Technicians and Lecturers on Technical Work-skills

Required by College of Education Graduates in Reinforcing

Plastic Products                                                                               125

   10  t-test Statistics of the Responses of Plastic Production

Technicians and Lecturers on Technical Work-skills

Required by College of Education Graduates in Joining

Plastic Products                                                                               127

   11   t-test Statistics of the Responses of Plastic Production

Technicians and Lecturers on Technical Work-skills

Required by College of Education Graduates in Machining

Plastic Products                                                                              130

  12    t-test Statistics of the Responses of Plastic Production

Technicians and Lecturers on Technical Work-skills

Required by College of Education Graduates in Decorating

Plastic Products                                                                              133

Figure                          LIST OF FIGURES                               Page

  1        The Schema of the Conceptual Framework of the Study                90

  2        Maslow’s Pyramid of Human Needs                                                 92

Abstract

The study was carried out to identify technical work skills required by College of Education (Technical) graduates for self employment in plastic production industries in Rivers State while six research questions were posed and answered by the study, six null hypotheses were formulated and tested at p≤0.05 level of significance. The study adopted descriptive survey research design and was carried out in Rivers State, Nigeria. The population for the study consists 104 respondents which include twenty eight (28) lecturers in Technical Education and seventy six (76) technicians in the five plastic industries in Rivers State. Due to manageable size of the population, the entire 104 lecturers and technicians were involved. Therefore, there was no sampling for the study. The instrument used for data collection is 157-item structured questionnaire titled “Required Plastic Work-skill Questionnaire RPWSQ”. The instrument was subjected to face-validation by three experts. The validates’ suggestions and inputs were taken into consideration in developing the final draft of the questionnaire that was used for data collection. To test for internal consistency of the instrument, Cronbach alpha reliability technique was employed, to obtain reliability coefficient of 0.84 for compounding plastic material, 0.81 for moulding plastic, 0.76 for reinforcing plastic, 0.83 for joining plastic, 0.69 for machining plastic products and 0.75 decorating plastic products. The overall reliability coefficient of 0.79 was obtained for the entire instrument. The data for the study were collected by the researcher with the help of four research assistants. Out of the 104 copies of the questionnaire administered, 101 copies were duly completed and retrieved representing 97% return rate. The data collected were analyzed using mean to answer the research questions and t-test for testing the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Based on the data collected and analysed, the study identified 52 technical work-skill items very highly required and 105 technical work-skill items highly required by college of education graduates in plastic production for self employment in plastic industry in Rivers State. On the hypotheses tested, the study found that there was no significant difference in the mean ratings of the responses of lecturers and plastic technicians on the technical work-skills required by technical education graduates for self employment in plastic industry in Rivers State. Based on the findings of the study, the study among others recommended that all the identified technical work-skills be used for improving the existing curriculum of technical programmes of Colleges of Education and Universities with technical education programme in the country, and that all the identified technical work-skills in plastic production be integrated into the programmes of skill acquisition centres in the state to take care of skill needs of the vulnerable youths and other groups with desire for salable skills for work in the area.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

        The quality of education and training given to youths depend greatly on the ability of the institution to adjust their educational course content to the changing skill requirement of the nation. According to Manyindo (1995) educational institutions such as Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of Education are expected to provide knowledge and training that satisfy the human resources demand of the nation.

College of Education according to Federal Government of Nigeria (2004) is one of the tertiary institutions that provide knowledge, skills and training to students for the production of teachers and skilled personnels who shall be enterprising and self-reliant.  The goals of College of Education Technical as stated in the National Policy on Education (2004) include: to encourage further the spirit of enquiry and creativity in teachers, to provided teachers with the intellectual and professional background adequate for their assignment and make them adaptable to changing situations, to provide the technical knowledge and skills necessary for agricultural, industrial, commercial, economic, and educational development of Nigeria, to give training and impart the necessary skills for the production of technicians, technologists and other skilled personnel who shall be enterprising and self-reliant.

The National Policy on Education (2004), when further to state that at the Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) and degree levels, education programmes shall continue to be expanded to also cater for the requirements of technical, business and special education. It is on this statement, that the system of education made far reaching innovative changes for all level of education. These changes are in two broad areas as follows:  widening of the curriculum to bring in more subjects that are relevant to the stated national objectives (Basic Technology is one of the subjects among others); and deepening the subject contents (Okeke, 1995).

Basic Technology is a prevocational subject which is supposed to provide students with a process orientation in production and consumption through experiences in producing and servicing industrial goods which plastic production is among. Other are metals, woods, ceramics, glasses and rubbers. The graduates of college of education technical are the technical teachers who are to inculcate the learning processes, involving technical work skills (practical oriented) to meet the objective of teaching Basic Technology in the Basic secondary schools according to Ivowi (1981) are to provide students with the technological literacy required for everyday living and to provide vocational/technical orientation for further development of employable skills and training in technology.

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