THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING REPORTING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF A BUSINESS. A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE LTD
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This project is one that studies the effect of finical accounting reporting of the management of a business. Financial accounting covers those activities that relates to the preparation of certain reports which are known as financial statement These statement report the financial status of a firm at a particular time. The practice of accounting stated since organized life evolved. The early man lived in caves from where he developed into living in communities. Later arose the concept of specialization. That is each person went about doing those activities of life for which he was most gifted. This gave rise to individuals producing certain goods in quantities in excess of what they needed while there were other goods which they need but they did not produce them selves the result was exchange. the first system of exchange was by barter.
Later money evolved and replaced barter. During the stage of barter recording were done but only the quantities of good exchanged were recorded. For example in things fall apart, used white marks drawn on the walls as record of his indebtedness to others. However as soon as money evolved all recording were done in monetary terms. Another perspective worthy of note about the history of accounting is the impact of the different stage of organized business on accounting. At the stage of specialized in using their skills in create and developed the quid system. Here the job was done by one man at most with the aid of members of his family. The guilds system grew and outsiders were employed to work for the owner. The industrial revolution expanded thee output and gave rise to the factory system of working. As the size of these factories grew it became impossible for one person to set up a factory alone. This gave rise to partnership and of course the joint stock companies. The joint stock act of 1844 is a very important landmark in the evolution of accounting. It marked the evolution of accounting. It marked the beginning of auditing.
The result of this act is what is known to day as limited liability or public limited liability companies. The essential feature of the limited liability companies is that ownership is separate from management. Large numbers of owner (shareholder) across the globe invest in companies while a few directors are elected to mange these companies. This particular development gave impetus to the evolution of auditing as an aspect of accounting. Also the size of these companies and the stiff competition for funds, markets, new ideas and products gave rise to more rigorous accounting techniques like cost and management accounting to aid management in decision making. Taxation is another branch of accounting required to and management in decision making. Tax has a lot of implication for management decision on one hand and is an important source of revenue on the other. Even in the public sector it has been observed that accounting is indispensable as a result government public sector accounting has now evolved to take care of this information need. One can not do a comprehensive review of the history or evolution of accounting with has that have been in use. They are the change and discharge system, and the double entry system. In the charge and discharge system, the change is made up of the balance held at the beginning of a period to which is added any receipts from the owner discharge is the on flays made to or on behalf of the owner. It has been cleaned that the double entry system evolved in the 14th century. However, it was in the book written by a monk, Luca Pacioli in 1494 titled summa de arithmetic geometric, proportion et proportion that the double entry system was first documented.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
An effective information system is very important for the functioning of any business. The financial accounting system in most business do not portray fully the principles of accounting systems. Financial accounting information involves technicalities such as quantitative analysis adequate recording reporting etc. Some business organization may unknowingly employ incompetent and unskilled manpower and as such the financial accounting information prepared may not show a true and fair view of the financial strength profitability and future prospects of the organization. Some organization have to realism that accounting information is the only medium through which both the management and external users get a clear picture of an organization. If they fail to realizes appreciate an accountants analysis in-respect of the accounting information generated, this often leads to poor management decision which will have negative effects on the performance of business organization.