TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL PAGE ii
CERTIFICATION iii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
ABSTRACT xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 8
Purpose of the Study 10
Significance of the Study 10
Research Questions 12
Hypotheses 12
Scope of the Study 13
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Framework 15
Profession 15
Teaching Profession 20
Business Studies 22
Professional Image 24
Business Studies Teachers Personal Welfare 26
Teachers Teaching Activities 28
Teachers Working Conditions 29
Teachers Career Growth 31
Teachers Human Relations 33
Concept of Job Satisfaction 34
Schema 37\
Theoretical Framework 38
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory 38
Frederick Herzberg Two-Factor Theory 40
Related Empirical Studies 41
Summary of Literature Reviewed 47
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
Design of the Study 49
Area of the Study 49
Population for the Study 50
Sample and Sampling Techniques 50
Instruments for Data Collection 51
Validation of the Instruments 51
Reliability of the Instruments 52
Method of Data Collection 52
Method of Data Analysis 52
CHAPTER FOUR PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
Presentation of Data
Research Question One 53
Hypothesis One 54
Research Question Two 54
Hypothesis Two 55
Research Question Three 56
Hypothesis Three 57
Research Question Four 58
Hypothesis Four 58
Research Question Five 59
Hypothesis Five 60
Findings of the Study 61
Discussion of Findings 62
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Re-statement of the Problem 67
Summary of the Procedure Used 68
Major Findings of the Study 69
Implications of the Findings 70
Conclusion 71
Recommendations 73
Limitations of the Study 74
Suggestions for Further Studies 74
REFERENCES 75
APPENDICES
A: Population of Teachers and Number of Schools in the State 81
B: Sample Techniques for Population of the Study 82
C: Table for Sample Size Distribution 83
D: Table Confirming Cohen, et al.’s Formula of 33% as Sample Size 84
E: Some Possible Applications in Teachers Work Environment 85
F: Evidence of Validation 86
G: Reliability Test 91
H: Result of SPSS Output 103
LIST OF TABLES
1: Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analysis of Business Studies Teachers’
Personal Welfare and their Job Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools 53
2: Regression Analysis of Teachers’ of Business Studies in Urban Area and
Teachers’ of Business Studies in Rural Area on Personal Welfare and Job
Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools 54
3: Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analysis of Teaching Activities of Business
Studies Teachers’ and their Job Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools 55
4: Regression Analysis of Male and Female Teachers’ of Business Studies on their
Teaching Activities and Job Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools 55
5: Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analysis of Teachers’ Working Conditions
of Business Studies Teachers’ and their Job Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools 56
6: Regression Analysis of Single and Married Teachers’ of Business Studies on their
Conditions of Work and Job Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools 57
7: Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analysis of Career Opportunities of Business
Studies Teachers’ and their Job Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools 58
8: Regression Analysis of Highly and Less Experienced Teachers’ of Business Studies on
Career Opportunities and Job Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools 59
9: Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analysis of Interpersonal Relations of Business
Studies Teachers’ and their Job Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools 59
10: Regression Analysis of Teachers’ of Business Studies with Degree and NCE Certificate
on the Human Relations and Job Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools 60
LIST OF FIGURES
1: Conceptual schema developed by the researcher, (2017) 37
2: Diagrammatic representation of Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Adopted from Maslow’s Need Hierarchy (1970) 39
3 Diagrammatical representation of Frederick Herzberg Two- Factor Theory
Adapted from Frederick Herzberg Two- Factor Theory (1959) 41
ABSTRACT
The study investigated Professional Image as a Correlate of Job Satisfaction of Teachers of Business Studies in Public Secondary Schools in Enugu State, Nigeria. Five research questions were answered and five null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population for the study consisted of 746 teachers of Business Studies in the six education zones of Enugu State. The sample size for this study was 244 teachers of Business Studies Multi-stage sampling technique was used for the study. Correlation research design was used to generate data for the study. The instrument used for data collection was bi-polar questionnaire to elicit information for the study. The instrument was face validated by three experts, all from Department of Business Education, Faculty of Vocational and Technical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. To determine the reliability of the instrument, a trial test was conducted on 20 teachers of Business Studies in Anambra State. Cronbach Alpha reliability test was used to determine the internal consistency of the items of instrument, and this yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.78 for Teachers Professional Image and 0.79 for Teachers Job Satisfaction. The questionnaire was administered by the researcher with the help of six research assistance one from each education zone in Enugu State. The returned copies were consequently used for data analysis. The data collected for the study were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment for the research questions and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study concludes that irrespective of location, gender, sex, experience and qualification, the salary of business studies teachers in public secondary schools in Enugu State should be enhanced so as to increase their level of attitudes towards their job. The study recommended that the Enugu State Ministry of Education should work towards the remuneration and prompt promotion of teachers. Also recommended was that Teachers Registration Council of Nigeria (TRCN) should work towards ensuring that teaching is professionalized and as competitive as other professions and among others. The study therefore, suggested that the same studies should be carried out in the areas of Private Secondary Schools in Enugu State, while similar studies should be carried out in Adamawa State, Abia State and Benue State respectively.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Business Studies teachers are in regular interaction with students in secondary schools during teaching and learning process. The general perception of the public is that these teachers are dissatisfied with the condition of service in the teaching profession. This may be as a result of a variety of factors such as level of payment, promotion system, quality of working conditions, leadership and social relationships, the job itself and tasks in the job. Teachers of Business Studies are the stronghold of the subject and it is believed that they perform better when promotions, entitlements and allowances are provided promptly by the employer leading to job satisfaction for the profession.
Profession refers to an occupation with trained personnel in specific discipline. Morrish (2000) defined profession as a desirable occupation with an implication of intellectual training and mental expertise. A profession according to Taylor, Gerald and Robbet (2005), refers to competent individuals that render essential services to the society based on their level of training. The authors further reported that a profession is any prestige holding occupation that renders an essential social service with a systematic body of knowledge, requiring long academic and practical training. In the view of the authors, those in the profession enjoys high degree of autonomy and enforced conditions of service, possess a code of conduct prescribed by members and for themselves governed by a representative organization as well as makes provision for development. A profession can be defined as an occupation that requires some specialized training and some sort of certification, and it is self-regulating, as well as having some standard of behaviour for members (Ogunlade, 2007). In the context of this study, a profession refers to a paid occupation that requires prolonged training, for certification with recognized and positive social status such as teaching profession.